青藏高原的史前人类活动

The Prehistoric Human Activities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

中文关键词:  青藏高原  史前  人类活动

英文关键词:Qinghai-Tibet Plateau  Prehistory  Human activities

中文摘要:

      青藏高原是全球高寒自然环境最为典型的地区,同时它又是人类最早进入高原的重要通道,也是高原史前人类活动较频繁的区域。分析了青藏高原史前人类活动的特点,即高原早期人类活动具有对极端环境适应的特殊性、其文化遗存保留的特殊性和高原人类活动与环境演变关系的密切性,将青藏高原史前人类活动分为两个阶段,第一阶段为旧石器与细石器阶段人类向青藏高原的扩张,其历程明显分为由高原东北缘向高原腹地深入,表现为由低海拔向高海拔、由东向西和由高原边缘向腹心的三级跳扩张过程；第二阶段为新石器—青铜时代人类在高原的活动,表现为农业活动在高原东部河谷地带的扩张,人类在高原定居聚落的诞生,调整种植结构、畜牧业的主导地位的确定等。

英文摘要:

      :The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the most significant area of the world alpine natural environment, meanwhile,it is originally an important channel for human to go into the plateau, and it is also an area where prehistoric human activities occur frequently.This paper analyzes the characteristics of prehistoric human activities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau including the early human activities on plateau with the particularity to adapt to extreme environments, the particularity of its cultural relics reservation and human activities on plateau having close relationship with the environmental evolution.The activities of prehistoric human on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are divided into two stages:the first stage is the human expansion into the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Paleolithic and Neolithic stage, and this progress is obviously split into the triple jump expansion such as from the northeastern margin of the plateau to the hinterland of the plateau, from low altitude to high altitude, from east to west and from the plateau edge to the vital part of the plateau.The second stage is human’s activities on plateau during the Neolithic-Bronze Age,the performance including the expansion of agricultural activities in the east valley of the plateau, the emergence of human settlements on plateau, and adjusting planting structure, confirming the dominance of animal husbandry and so on.