青海可可西里东北部多秀湖和盐湖水化学特征研究

Hydrochemical Characteristics of Duoxiu Lake and Yanhu Lake in Northeastern Hoh Xil Region,Qinghai

中文关键词:  水化学特征  多秀湖  盐湖  可可西里  青海

英文关键词:Water chemistry characteristics  Duoxiu Lake  Yanhu Lake  Hoh Xil  Qinghai

中文摘要:

      2016年3月系统采集了青海可可西里东北部多秀湖和盐湖的湖水及其入湖冰川融水。研究发现,两个湖泊湖水中离子含量均较高,主要阳离子含量顺序均为Na⁺＞Mg²⁺＞K⁺＞Ca²⁺,主要阴离子含量顺序均为Cl-＞SO2-₄＞HCO-₃＞CO2-₃；而入湖冰川融水的离子含量非常低。根据库尔纳可夫—瓦良什科水化学分类标准,多秀湖湖水属于硫酸盐型—硫酸镁亚型,盐湖湖水属于硫酸盐型—硫酸钠亚型。多秀湖和盐湖湖水Li—Mg—B的相关性均为正相关,说明两个湖泊中这3种元素的物质来源、搬运条件及富集环境具有很强的相似性。由于气候变暖导致大量矿化度低的冰川融水注入盐湖,矿化度较低的卓乃湖和库赛湖决堤湖水泄入盐湖,使得盐湖的面积较1997年扩大了5倍,湖水的矿化度降低了约10倍,而多秀湖近些年湖水矿化度变化较小。多秀湖湖水矿化度以及Li⁺、Mg²⁺和B₂O₃含量均较高,具有较好的资源潜在利用价值。

英文摘要:

      Field investigation,systemi cally collecting lake surface water and glacier melt water of East Hoh Xil have been accomplished in the March 2016.We found that the content of ions in Duoxiu Lake and Yanhu Lake is plentiful,the order of main cations is Na⁺＞Mg²⁺＞K⁺＞Ca²⁺,the order of main anions is Cl-＞SO2-₄＞HCO-₃＞CO2-3 .The glacier melt water is fresh water which has low ionic content.According to Kurnakov-Valyashko classification the Duoxiu Lake water belongs to magnesium sulfate subtype while the Yanhu Lake belongs to sodium sulfate subtype.Li-Mg-B has a positive correlation in Duoxiu Lake and Yanhu Lake,suggesting that the material sources,migration conditions and enrichment environment of Li are similar to characteristics of B and Mg in this area.Due to the climate warming,a large amount of melting glacier which has a total salinity(72.6 mg/L and 297.4 mg/L) drains into the Yanhu Lake,meanwhile,Zonag Lake and Kusai Lake outburst to the Yanhu Lake,the area of the Yanhu Lake has been enlarged 5 times comparing with that in 1997,and the total salinity of the lake has been reduced by about 10 times; the degree of total salinity of Duoxiu Lake changes little.The Duoxiu Lake has a high content of Li⁺,B₂O₃ ,Mg ,a high degree of mineralization and close the Qinghai-Tibet Highway,which has a good potential utilization value of the resources.