柴达木盆地北缘水量增补对盐湖资源及生态环境的影响
Influence of Water Replenishment of Lakes in the Northern Qaidam Basin on Salt Lake Resources and Ecological Environment
投稿时间:2022-02-20  修订日期:2022-03-15
DOI:10.12119/j.yhyj.202202002
中文关键词:  柴北缘湖泊  盐湖资源  生态环境  基础设施
英文关键词:Lakes in the northern Qaidam Basin  Salt lake resources  Ecological environment  Infrastructure
基金项目:第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0805);青海省创新平台建设专项(2020-ZJ-T06) (通讯)
作者单位
樊启顺 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,中国科学院盐湖资源综合高效利用重点实验室,青海 西宁 810008
青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室,青海 西宁 810008 
程雅平 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,中国科学院盐湖资源综合高效利用重点实验室,青海 西宁 810008
青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室,青海 西宁 810008
中国科学院大学,北京 100049 
陈天源 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,中国科学院盐湖资源综合高效利用重点实验室,青海 西宁 810008
青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室,青海 西宁 810008 
许乃军 青海可鲁克湖托素湖省级自然保护区服务中心,青海 德令哈 817099 [HT 
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中文摘要:
      柴达木盆地是我国盐湖资源集中分布区,受21世纪暖湿化气候和水量增补的影响,盆地多个盐湖呈现湖面扩张趋势,该过程开始影响盐湖资源离子含量和湖泊生态环境,也对湖区沿线公共基础设施造成一定影响。为了研究湖泊水量增补对盐湖资源及生态环境的影响,选取了柴北缘山前5个湖泊(苏干湖、德宗马海湖、巴仑马海湖、小柴旦湖和托素湖)作为研究对象,开展了2017~2021年湖泊扩张、典型盐湖矿化度和资源元素变化趋势以及对周边基础设施影响的研究。结果表明:1)资源型湖泊湖水淡化和资源品位下降;2)生态型湖泊周边植物群落发生变化(水生植物芦苇扩张、旱生植物白刺和梭梭衰退);3)淹没湖区房屋和旅游道路,危及周边的高速公路等公共基础设施。该研究结果不仅具有为柴达木盆地乃至青藏高原盐湖资源开采和生态环境治理提供科学依据的理论意义,而且具有为青海省基础设施保护和建设提供决策依据的现实意义。
英文摘要:
      The Qaidam Basin is a concentrated distribution area of salt lake resources in China. Associating with the influence of warm humidifying climate and water supply in the 21st century, many lakes in the basin show a trend of expansion. This process will inevitably affect the ion content of salt lake resources and the lake ecological environment, and have also a certain impact on the public infrastructure along the lake area. In order to study the impact of lake water replenishment on salt lake resources and ecological environment, this paper selected five lakes in front of mountains in the northern Qaidam Basin (Sugan Lake, Dezongmahai Lake, Balunmahai Lake, Xiao Qaidam Lake and Toson Lake) for investigating the lake expansion, the changing trends of salinity and resource elements of typical salt lakes, and the impact on surrounding infrastructure from 2017 to 2021. The results show that:1)desalination of resource based lakes and decline of elemental grade; 2)changes of animal and plant communities around eco type lakes (expansion of aquatic reed plants, reduction of xerophytes white thorn and Haloxylon ammodendron); 3)Public infrastructure such as lake district houses and tourist roads and surrounding highways has been submerged. The research results not only have the theoretical significance of providing scientific basis for the Qaidam Basin, even the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, salt lake resource exploitation and ecological environment management, but also have the practical significance of providing decision making basis for the protection and construction of infrastructure in Qinghai Province.
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