近20a察尔汗盐湖区景观格局变化与趋势分析

Changes and Trends of Landscape Pattern in Qarhan Salt Lake Region in Recent 20 Years

中文关键词:  柴达木盆地  景观格局  盐湖  3S

英文关键词:Qaidam Basin  Landscape pattern  Salt Lake  3S

中文摘要:

      柴达木盆地主要景观类型为干盐湖和盐渍地,为了解区内各类景观类型空间分布特征、景观类型变化转移矩阵及变化趋势,分别选取了2000年、2010年、2020年作为3个关键研究时段,以Landsat TM多光谱卫星遥感数据为数据源,采用水体指数法与目视解译相结合的方法,建立了七类遥感图像解译标志,对近20a察尔汗盐湖区景观格局变化进行了分析。结果表明:察尔汗湖区的工矿用地面积、盐田面积、人工湿地(水库)面积在2000~2020年呈现出明显增加的趋势,而盐湖和干盐湖的面积呈现出明显减少的趋势;2000年以后,人工湿地(水库)的面积逐年增长达到了218.88 km²,在以盐滩戈壁为主的原生环境比较恶劣的盐湖区内,这片新生水域为当地野生动植物提供了十分宝贵的生境场所。

英文摘要:

      The main landscape types in Qaidam Basin are dry Salt Lake and saline land. In order to understand the spatial distribution characteristics of various landscape types in the Qaidam Basin, as well as the change transition matrix and trend of landscape types, this paper selected 2000,2010 and 2020 as three key research periods respectively. Based on Landsat TM multi spectral satellite remote sensing data as data source, using water index method and visual interpretation method, seven types of remote sensing image interpretation indicators were established to analyze the changes of landscape pattern in Qarhan Salt Lake area in recent 20 years. The results show that:The area of industrial and mining land, salt field and constructed wetland (reservoir) in Qarhan Salt Lake area increased significantly from 2000 to 2020, while the area of Salt Lake and dry Salt Lake decreased significantly. Since 2000, the area of constructed wetland (reservoir) increased year by year to 218.88 km². In the Salt Lake area, which is dominated by salt flats and Gobi, where the original environment is harsh, the new waters provide a valuable habitat for local wildlife.