扎布耶盐湖太阳池中富锂混盐的矿物学与地球化学特征及意义

The Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics and Significance of Lithium-rich Mixed Salt in the Solar Pond of Zabuye Salt Lake 

中文关键词:  扎布耶盐湖  碳酸锂  盐梯度太阳池技术  混盐组构特征  综合利用

英文关键词:Zabuye salt lake  Lithium carbonate  Salt gradient solar pond technology  Mixed salt composition and structure characteristics  Comprehensive utilization

中文摘要:

      扎布耶盐湖是全球唯一自然结晶扎布耶石(Li₂CO₃)的盐湖,该盐湖正在开发利用中,2021年产富锂混盐7 790 t。实验所采取的样品是通过“盐梯度太阳池”技术结晶出来的10件富锂混盐,通过对采集的样品进行X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电感耦合等离子质谱法、离子色谱法和滴定法的测试,得到了矿物组成的成分和化学元素组成含量数据。扎布耶盐湖太阳池富锂混盐中的物相组成有扎布耶石、钾石盐、石盐、氯碳钠镁石、天然碱、钾芒硝、菱锰矿、石英这8种,其中菱锰矿是首次从富锂混盐中发现的矿物,扎布耶石的平均含量为62.89%,是富锂混盐中含量最高的矿物,Li⁺的平均含量为11.90%；K⁺的平均含量为2.42%；KCl的平均含量为4.63%(工业品位1%),具有巨大的利用价值。扎布耶盐湖二期工程预计年产20 000 t碳酸锂,其中利用膜法生产12 000 t,利用太阳池技术生产8 000 t；预计年产出12 700 t的富锂混盐,产出约600 t氯化钾,建议进行综合利用。

英文摘要:

      Zabuye Salt Lake is the world’s most unique salt lake with natural precipitation of Zabuyelite(Li₂CO₃).The salt lake is developed,and produced 7 790 tons of lithium-rich mixed salts in 2021.The samples used in the experiment are 10 lithium-rich mixed salts which crystallized through the “salt gradient solar pond” technology.Through diffraction of X-rays,scanning electron microscope,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ion chromatography and titration tests on the collected samples,the mineral assemblages and chemical compositions content data were obtained.The mineral assemblages of lithium-rich mixed salts include zabuyelite,sylvite,halite,northupite,trona,glaserite,rhodochrosite,and quartz.Among them,rhodochrosite is the first time being found from lithium-rich mixed salts.The average content of Zabuyelite is 62.89%,which is the highest mineral content in the lithium-rich mixed salts.The average content of Li⁺ is 11.90%；the average content of K+ is 2.42%；the average content of KCl is 4.63%(industrial grade 1%)with high utilization value.The second phase of the Zabuye Salt Lake project is expected to produce 20,000 tons of lithium carbonate yearly,of which 12 000 tons are produced by membrane method；8 000 tons are produced by solar pond technology,and the annual output is expected to be 12 700 tons of lithium-rich mixed salts,which can produce about 600 tons of potassium chloride,which is beneficial to comprehensive utilization.