无机水合盐相变储能材料性能优化及应用进展

Inorganic hydrated salt phase-change materials：Property optimization and applications

中文关键词:  无机水合盐  相变材料  热能储存  复合材料

英文关键词:Inorganic hydrated salts  Phase-change materials  Thermal energy storage  Composites

中文摘要:

      无机水合盐类相变储能材料具有储能密度高、无毒、经济等明显优势而受到广泛关注。针对无机水合盐的研究有望提高可再生能源的利用效率、缓解能源危机。然而此类材料存在着固有缺陷,包括相分离严重、过冷度高、热导率低等,阻碍了其应用。本文以无机水合盐的热物理性质为出发点,详细介绍了无机水合盐类相变储能材料的相变行为、导热性、过冷现象以及相分离等特征；针对其缺陷,总结了近年来性能优化的两大常用策略：与多孔材料复合和微胶囊化；并根据其特性,讨论了无机水合盐在太阳能热能储存和光电转换、建筑节能、储冷等方面的实际应用。

英文摘要:

      Inorganic hydrated salt phase-change energy storage materials have attracted widespread attention due to their distinguished advantages, including high energy storage density, non–toxicity, and low cost. The studies on inorganic hydrated salts are expected to improve the efficiency of renewable energy utilization and alleviate the energy crisis. However, inorganic hydrated salts exhibit inherent defects, such as severe phase separation, high supercooling, and low thermal conductivity, which hinder their applications. This paper discusses the thermophysical properties of inorganic hydrated salts, including phase change behaviors, thermal conductivity, subcooling phenomenon, and phase separation. The two strategies for property optimization, including composite with porous materials and microencapsulation technology, have been summarized given the defects of inorganic hydrated salts. The practical applications of inorganic hydrated salts in solar-thermal energy storage, solar photoelectric conversion, building energy saving, and cold energy storage have also been presented.